Two hieroglyphic papyri from Tanis ..

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THE EGYPT EXPLORATION FUND.

EXTRA MEMOIR OF

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TWO HIEEOGLYPHIC PAPYEI

PKOM TANIS.

I.— THE SIGN PAPYRUS (a Syllabary), i;y F. Ll. GiiiFiTni.

11.— THE GEOGRAPHICAL PAPYRUS (an Almanack), uy ^V. M. F. Pktuie.
AVITII REMAKKS BY PROFESSOR HErXRICII BRUGSCII.

FACSIMILES AND INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.

PUBLTSUEl) BY ORDER OF THE COMMITTEE.

LONDON:
TRU13XER & CO., 57 & 5'J, LUDGATE HILL, E.G.

1889.

lontion:

riUNTED BV GlLnKRT AND RIVINGTON, LIMITED,
ST. JOHN'S HOUSE, C-LERKENWELL HOAll, EX.

CONTENTS.

I. Tun Sk!\ P.\i'Yi;i-s (iiY F. Ll. Griffith) . . 1

TuA.MSciiiiTiox oi' Plates I — 21 .... 7

II. Till-; Gkcxikaimiical PAi-Yiuis (iiv \V. :\r. P. Pi;ti;ii;) . l21

THE SIGN PAPYKUS.

By F. Ll. Griffith.'

Tuis papyrus is the first native list of liiero-
glypliics that lias curac down to us from
ancient times. It is at onco biglily interest-
ing and very disappointing. It is of the
highest interest as being the only document
bearing upon the system by which the Egyp-
tians arranged and taught their huge syllabary.
It is disappointing, because we find so little
system in it. We should have expected a more
logical arrangement of the signs, and more
method in naming them ; more indication of
a fixed order in the alphabetical signs, if not
some correspondence with the order of that
alphabet which the Phoenicians seem to have
borrowed from the Egyptians. From the con-
siderable care with which the hst has been
prepared, and from its extent, we must suppose
that if any rigid method was customary it
would have bceil adopted here ; and wo are
driven to conclude that the Egyptians possessed
no such system.

Apart from its value in the history of
wi-iting, the papyrus forms a kind of dictionary
which will give the philologist valuable hints
for determining the meaning of many doubtful
words.

The collection from which it was selected for
publication by Mr. Poole — who first detected

This memoir was written, and tiie pl.ites drawn, in

Nov. 1885. I made some additions in 188G, when my

much-regretted friend, Mr. II. ']'. Talbot, read tlmuigli the
jfroofs.

the parallel lists of hieroglyphics and hieratic
on its dark pages — is a very considerable one.
Some account of the discovery and condition of
these papyri, the first obtained in the Delta,
may be interesting.

In the spring of 1884, after the sm-vey of
the temple area at San had been completed,
Mr. Petric turned his attention to the remains
of the town enchcling it. It struck him that
those houses which had been burnt would yield
the most profitable results. In case of fire, the
owner would snatch up his valuables, leaving
the mass of the household property to the flames.
The house falling in wovdd cover them with
rubbish, from which the unfortunate man would
not care to disinter his burnt and broken jars,
tools, and papyri. The reddened earth and
bricks betray the site to the modern explorer,
and a few days' work in the friable and easily-
searched rubbish yields him all that the fire
has spared. Putting this theory into practice,
Mr. Petrie obtained a large collection of pottery
and other antiquities, together with a number
of papyri. In some cases the documents stowed
away in a corner of the house had been damaged
beyond recovery. Lying in a basket on the
mud-floor the damp had reached them, and
with the weight of rubbish on the top, had
reduced them to a mass scarcely distinguishable
from the clay beneath ; and although the writing
was still partly legible, it was found impossible
to remove even fragments of auy value. Others,
although not actually burnt, had been baked

c

THE SIGN TAPYRUS.

violently by the heat of the conflagration, and
lying amongst less compact rubbish, had better
resisted the destructive damp of the marshes.
A number of these were recovered and brought
to England. Tliey are of a yellowish-brown
colour, soft, and with a tendency to turn to
dust on being handled. Large flakes, however,
can be separated from some of them, so as to
leave the written surfaces successively visible,
but the flakes cannot be preserved. Copies
must therefore be made of these by an Egyptolo-
gist standing by as they are gradually taken to
pieces. Amongst them are several minutely
written demotic documents, with the red and
black ink well preserved.

The most satisfactory class in the collection
are those that have been carbonized. Some of
these, too, have become a homogeneous mass that
cannot be induced to flake. Of others little
remains but white ash. A few, though flaking
easily, are of too thin a substance to be pre-
served, while a large number, probably, as Mr.
Petrie sug<2;ests, through the use of a veg^etable
ink, have lost the writing wholly, or it is too
faded to be read. This, however, may be due
to the practice of erasing a text when no longer
required, to give place to a new one. Notwith-
standing all this, Mr. Hunt, of the MSS. Depart-
ment of the British Museum, to whom the task
of mounting the papyri was intrusted (and to
whom great praise is due for the care and dis-
crimination with which he has executed it,
under Mr. Petrie's directions), has filled sixty
frames, of an average surface of two square feet,
with fragments of 156 papyri. Some of these
are mere scraps, and will probably afford no
information, but many are of real value, not
only giving a connected sense, but containing
matter of high interest, as the two specimens
copied by Mr. Peti'ie and myself will show.

The papyrus fragments have been mounted
in frames formed by two sheets of glass, held
apart by a thin piece of cardboard round the
edges to allow for wrinkles in the papyri ; both

sides of Avhich can thus be seen. The fragments
are kept in place under the glass with shell-lac.
The task of mounting the papyri was a simple,
although a delicate one. The rolls had been
crushed flat, and so consisted of a series of flakes,
each the same breadth as the crushed roll. The
flakes were removed with a paper-knife from
each side of the roll alternately, the order thus
obtained being fairly correct. In some cases it
was found more convenient to divide the roll in
the middle, and, beginning from the centre, to
take flakes alternately from each half.

Some of the papyri were fovmd to have been
rolled tightly round a piece of reed, others
were without this central support. Some still
showed the thread with which they had been
tied. The papyrus described in this report
seems to have been wrapped round with a piece
torn from another document, while the geogra-
phical papyrus had a religious text on a separate
sheet I'olled up with it.

Mr. Petrie found some papyri associated
with glazed pottery figures of the style of the
thirtieth dynasty. But most of those that
have been mounted are of Eoman date. In
these the writing is in linear hieroglyphic, a
small and neat hieratic, demotic of several
styles—from large and coarse to fine and very
minute, — and Greek. The Greek papyri give
the names of several emperors, the name of a
private person, Hadrian, being perhaps the
latest indication of date in the collection.

The best preserved papyri are stiS", with a
shiny surfoce, as if blackleaded ; the ink is
black, or yellowish where it was originally red.
They have been thoroughly charred ; most in
fact have had the largest part burnt away.
All, except two, are from the house of
Bakakhuiu, whose numerous rolls contained
religious as well as legal texts. Some were,
perhaps, connected with the plans of a new
or restored temple. The geographical and other
Usts in the papyrus, which Mr. Petrie has
copied (No. 103), with the scraps of a similar

THE SIGN PAPYRUS.

one (Nos. 130 and 131), where the entries of
nomes, feasts, marshlands, &c., are corrected
by notes in minute hieratic at the foot,' and
especially the columns of hieroglyphics in
papyrus 118, in which the gods grant divine
gifts to a king or emperor, whose cartouche is
unfortunately left blank, seem as if they were
sketches and notes to be expanded on some
temple-wall at Tanis.

The Sigu Papyrus was found in the house of
Bakakhuiu. It fills two largo frames, and forms
one of the most complete documents in the col-
lection. The crushed roll has been burnt at the
lower end, the fire spreading up one side, so that
while the top is nearly complete, the twenty-
five pairs of fragments taper to a point at the
bottom throughout. The papyrus was divided
into thirty-three pages, which are not numbered,
but the order of which can be found from a
comparison of the arrangement of the fragments
as mounted "with the order to be obtained from
their form and contents. Only one fragment
still remains without a likely place.

As arranged in the frames, the pairs of frag-
ments arc in most cases kei)t together, but the
order of the successive pairs is often the reverse
of the correct one, and at the beginning of the
papyrus, through no fault of the mounter, there
is considerable confusion. A succession may
be noticed from the large flakes two inches
across, which come from the outside of the roll,
where the fire burnt them unequally, to the
narrow but little damaged strips from the
centre. There is an abrupt change of form in
the middle of the foui'th page of the final
arrangement, the pairs on the right being re-
versed copies of those on the left of that point,
while the first piece to the left is the most
fragmentary of ;d!, Ihrough crushing. It is

' Unfortunatolj', only tlio lower edges of these pa])yri are
preserved, showing portions of nome-standards, and the
rare corrections.

evident that this last was the outside fold of the
roll, and that the Egyptian owner had turned
in the end of the papyrus, probably owing to its
being torn, and to prevent damage to the
writing at the edge. Two small fragments
placed by the side of this page must have
belonged to an outside wrapping, for which a
piece of papyrus torn from some religious work
in hieratic was made to do duty. The beginning
of the roll can be recognized in the three frag-
ments which, when placed together, appear
doubly forked below. This indicates another
turning in of the edge. We may therefore
consider that we have the commencement of
the roll, since part of the external wrapping
even is preserved.

The writing is in many parts easily legible,
especially when light is thrown at right angles
upon the flakes.^ Horizontal and vertical lines
are, however, difficult to distinguish from the
lines of the papyrus, and the play of light on
the shiny and irregular surface adds to the
difficulty. Six narrow strips at the end,
making together about five inches, are blank,
and the last two pages have lost much of the
writing, probably on account of the tightness
of the roll round the stick in that part, causing
the flakes to adhere together. There is no
writing on the back. The pages follow each
other from right to left ; the papyrus was rolled
from left to right. The thirty-three pages are
divided into columns, the first of which contains
a row of hieroglj'phic signs, enclosed by vertical
linos. To the left of them are hieratic tran-
scriptions of the same signs. The remainder
of the page contains corresponding groups in
hieratic. The width of each page is two inches,
that of the hieroglyphic column alone half an
inch. The total length of the i)apyrus as it

2 I have to thank Mr. Petrio for helping me over the
diflicnlties of lighting, as also for much assistance in pre-
paring tlie work for publication. In the copy I have
marked the burnt edges with a fringe, as these are of grx'at
importance in determiuing the position of fragments.

THE SIGN PAPYRUS.

existed whcu rolled up for tlic last time was
therefore nearly six feet.

The number of signs contained in a page
seems to have varied. The largest number of
which traces are now left in a page is fourteen.
From the succession in some of the early pages
it seems probable that this was about the
original average. The thirty-three pages may
then have contained 462 signs, not a large
number in comparison with a complete list of
hieroglyphic signs. It will be seen that many
classes of signs are represented, including a
large proportion of the most usual signs that
occur in. hieratic. Yet no birds, figures of
gods, or numerals, occur in the remaining-
fragments.

As to the order of the signs, the first page
is headed by the bee, a royal emblem. Then
follows a male child. Figures of men, denoting-
dignities, are followed by other male human
figures extending into page 2. It is possible
that the first sign of page 1 is to be considered
as the end of a list of divine or royal figures
which occupied a page torn off in ancient
times. The unplaced fragment (A. 13°) cannot
be assigned to this position.

The list was probably preceded by a title,
since there is no endorsement to the papyrus,
and its loss is to be regretted. It was to
prevent further damage to the written portion
that the end was turned in, and an extra sheet
wrapped round outside.

On page 3 we see figures of women, and
seated figures, which are continued to the
middle of page 4, where the mummy appears
in the hieratic. Page 5 brings us to reptiles
and animals, pages 6 and 7 deal with alphabetic
signs. At the end of page 7 the series of parts
of the human body begin. This is carefully
arranged from the head, with eyes, ears, beard,
&c., the neck, breast, and back (p. 8), hair and
arms (p. 9), fingers, heart, &c. to legs (p. 10).
On page 11 we see symbols for flesh and bone,
egg, &c. On page 12, legs, horns, and heads of

animals, heads of birds, head of reptile. On
page 13, bird's wing, crocodile's tooth (?),
followed by the crescent of the moon, figures of
sky, stars, and disks, which are continued on
page 14. The setting sun leads to the earth .
and its symbols. From this point regular
classification ceases. The remainder of page
14 is devoted to some round and oval objects.
Vases appear on the next page, as also on
pages 16, 20, 22, and 23 ; plants on 16, 27,
and 31, and so forth. In most cases the signs
are connected with those that precede and
follow in some way by form, and often fall into
groups, but there is no principle observed
throughout. I have noticed no instance in
• which the hieratic form can be supposed to
have influenced the arrangement, nor does
phonetic value have any share in it, either with
regard to similarity of sound or number of
syllables. I am inclined to think that the
alphabetic signs are separated, not so much for
phonetic reasons, as for the different part they
played from the rest of the signs of the hiero-
glyphic system. The order of the Egyptian
alphabet, as given in the papyrus, has been no
standard for the arrangement of the remainder
of the signs.

The hieroglyphics in the papyrus are some-
times very delicately drawn. The reptile's
head (p. 12) in the original is a good instance
of Egyptian skill, but the scribe has made a
slip in the figure of the priest, where the
water pours over his back instead of his
hands.

As to the hieratic signs, they are carefully
■RTitten in a peculiar, rather small hand. In
the second column the scribe has wi'itten the
hieratic equivalent of the hieroglyphic sign
alone. In a few cases, however, he has substi-
tuted the group in which it usually appears.
At page 26. 8. the simjDle sign is evidently
omitted by error.

The object of the first two columns is clear
enough. A parallel list of hieroglyphic and

THE SIGN PAPYRUS.

G

0 O

1 I

hieratic signs would be as useful to a student
of Egyptian writing then as now.

The object of the third column is fairly clear
after a little study. The hieratic notes con-
tained in it consist sometimes simply of the
completed group of the corresponding sign with
its phonetic complement or determinative, as,
for instance, 20. 4. J = J i ; 14. 2. (Oj = ^ ^ ;
sometimes of the phonetic transcription, with
the sign as a determinative, e.g. 16. 1. i^^ =
□^^c^^ ■ "'■^ *'^° values are indicated, they arc
separated by a point on the level of the bottom
of the characters, as for instance 13. 9, where

= fl Jl " • [11 "^ ^ • Or, again, a phrase of
several groups may occur, as 13. 11 5Q = (] "^

- J;8.1,^ = -^(]P^S^; 8.2,

This third column seems to contain names
by which the signs were ordinarily known,
or might be recognized. It evidently was
not intended as a syllabary of plionetic
values, for in so many cases the sign is
not transcribed, while in others the note is
expanded into a phrase ; nor a glossary of
ideographic meanings, for the alpliabotic signs
which are included have no such meaning;
nor again of explanations of the form, that
is, vei'y condensed descriptions of the sign,
for in the group | =| , ? . ^^ ^|^ ] , 1 0. 2

"6^"^^] ^'''^^ "° known concrete meaning.
We might, however, possibly translate 'the
finger pointing.' This would be a now shade
of meaning for the root a ^1 , and is unneces-
sary. Again in o = (j ^ ° .^(2 °. fD 'V' °
cannot in any Avay be a description of tlio sign
o , ami we are prevented from translating ' the
disk of day,' or 'in the day-time' (itself an
awkward expression), by the point dividing the
words.

Nor, again, are these groups a series of notes
illustrating the use of the sign in practice.
For the particular sign does not always appear
in them ; as, for instance, p. 1. 4, |4 = /^ S Jj .

On the other hand, a need must have been
felt in Egypt of some means of distinguishing
hieroglyphic signs viva voce, both in the schools
and in ordinary life. Names must therefore
have been attached to the immense hieroglyphic
syllabary, and taught with care, from the earliest
times. If we consider the third column as
devoted to the names of the signs, wo shall
find a fair explanation.

The following are some of the commoner
forms of the names ; many can be interpreted
in several ways : —

I. If contained in one group, they are either
(1) the simple names of objects represented by
the signs as pictures; as page 14. 3, ^w? = ^1^7 ,
'earth;' 12.1, <f^^ =® ™ ' haunch :' the mirror

is apparently called ^^' ^ ' see face,' p. 27. 6.
The scribe has not always taken the trouble to
repeat the sign in such cases as ^^^ ='«/(,'
p. 29, 5; -^ ='sct; p. 25.2.

(If the object occurs in pairs, the name of the
sign is in the dual, as | = <=^ J ^ || ' sandals,'
— - = ==: ' the eye-brows,' ^--^ = c^:; • the
lips,' p. 11. G, p. 8. 3 and 5.)

(2) Or the group may be derived from the
ideographic or symbolic meaning of the sign,
or that indicated by the action in the case
of human beings; as, ^* = ;^<==a^» 'sit,'

mil 'sod-'

Two groups may form one word T = (] e ><,i^

^(]p5,p.l5.2;<;H^ = (|ew^p.24.3.

These names are derived from the ideographic
meaning of the signs.

THE SIGN rAPYRUS.

II. If the name is contained in two or more
o-roups, it may be (1) a compound name of the
object formed by a noun and participle :—

.^^-^Qe'^^'^es^V ' wood-cut, '
p. 17. 1.

p. S.'l.

(] n — ° /v ' inverted-eye,' p. 8. 2.

In this class of name the second member
distinguishes two of a class by detail of the
form.

Or it may be (2) formed by a noun followed
by another in the genitive, as —

' the disk of the sun,'

?Q =

O

p. 13. 11.

''^ ) I i) ' th*? l^P °^' crescent of the
moon,' p. 13. 4, opposed to /-^ = cs::
' the lips.'
Here the second group marks distinction by
the derivation of the sign.

Or it may (3) consist of two groups separated
by a point —

the latter group distinguishes this from
other 'disks by its phonetic value ; thus
also I hieratic ) = !]•?• ^^S^l
' the finger, qevunn,' opposed to |] hieratic

1 , the finger simply J\ d y i <?

The name-forms seem to have no reference
to the classes of signs as alphabetic, ideographic,
determinative, &c.

As to the date of the papyrus, there is no
doubt of its having been written in the Roman
period. It is not a direct copy of an earlier list,
although it may be an adaptation and selection
from a list of Eamesside times.

The spelling of the words agrees with the
Eoman date attributed to the papyrus ; and as
to the grammar, although the article does not
occur, except perhaps in p. 30. 7. the par-
ticipial forms used in the compound names are
not found, I believe, in inscriptions or papyri
earlier than the eighteenth dynasty. These
names, however, may belong to a popular
dialect in which such forms can have existed
at a much earlier period, and it must be
remembered that they wore probably never
written down except for occasional teach-
ing in schools. There is no careful principle
their construction. Probably no complete

m

list was ever drawn up, and perhaps it was
not until the decline of the ancient learning
in Roman times that such written lists were
made at all. The names probably embody
ancient and original ideas about the form, mean-
ing, and sound of the signs, as for instance
'I = [| <£ «~ A <=> Q P 5 ; b'-it in course of time,
being transmitted principally by word of mouth,
they became much modified in form.

The Transcription will Ijo seen to be in-
complete, but I have thought it right to add
it, partly because the Avork will fall into the
hands of some who arc not acquainted with
hieratic, but who will be interested to know
somethiu"- of the contents of the third colunm
in order to draw their own conclusions about the
papyi-us; partly also to justify my reading of
the original to those Avho arc familiar with the
script. It also affords a convenient means of
adding such notes as seem required. M. Naville
was able to spare several valuable hours during
his short stay in England in 1885 for the tedious
task of comparing the first pages of my copy
with the original. The corrections and sug-
o-estions whicli he made are noted in the
course of the Ti-anscription.

TRANSCRIPTION OF PAGES I TO XXI.

3.

7.

9.
10.
11.
12.
13.

II.

1.

2.
3.
4.

^

u

1^
1
I

1

'f

h

■Li

(1, ^

(?)

?

lost

Bee. (Sign of royalty in Lower Egj'pt.)

Human being iis ciiild.

Qiicf.

Elder.

Prince.

Ruler.

Old age.

High.

Fall.

Speak.

AdillO.

Turn back.
Buil.l.

' Till' |iriiit(d liioroglyphics do not always represent exactly the form in tlio original. Tlic most important instances
are marked witli iiu asterisk (*). The reading of the lirst sign was suggested by M. Naville.

III.

1.

4.

G.

7.

8.

0.

10.

11.

13.

14.

m

g*

1

{')

« 2

(female)

(^* (female)

IV.

1.

^

2.

Ml

3.

fl"

4.

(s^)

5.

«)

6.

(1)

THE SIGN PAPYRUS.

lost.

ra (1. f)

lost.

i (-= ^')

lost.

^,-tO

n

AVWV\
A^W^A

(2

O

(S-T )

(Z) I <-- 8

Female figure.

Lower Egypt.

Suckle.

Priestess.

Person, people seated (??)

Person eating, speaking.

AVoman carrying.

Call.

Sit (?)
Sit.

Companion.

Guardian.

Pure.

Falling.

Great statue. '

Mummy.

' 1 ciwe tlic dotcrmiuation of tlie first two characters to ]\1. Xaville.

- The reading of this sign was suggested by M. Naville.

■' The hieroglyphic sign in tiie original is incorrect.

* M. Naville's determination.

IV.

7.

1
8.

V.
1.

3.

4.

5.

G.

y.

10.
11.
12.
13.
14.

VI.

1.

^^i-

<i3=ci

^'

TRANSCRIPTION OF PAGES I TO XXI.

\ (??)or /^

§$mf

\{'^-)\

■^(^m)!?)

lost

Tadpole (?).

Body.
Urxus.
Suakc.
Worm.

1 e '^ ^ (^)

^ S=> 111 '

Moutli of liumaii being.

String twisted, tied.

' Of tho fnigmcnts of this page, lA 2, wjis evidently on the ontsido of the roll, while tlie piece lA 3 to tlic end of
the pa].yni.s w;i« turned in. This is therefore the most likely place for a lost page ; moreover there is no distinct
connection between the fragments I A 1 and 2. lA 3 and 4 arc probably portions of the outer wrapping.

' N.B. Alphabetic signs.

' M. Naville's suggestion, which is certainly correct.

* M. Naville roads this ^^ ; I think however that the calf is correct.

» The continuity of pages .5 and U is not certain. This list of al])lial.etic signs iuclndes four(?) <^^, U, 0, ^'"1

(?) that might have been placed in the ne.xt series of parts of the hnman body. On the other hand, two alphabetical

10

VI.

3.'

u

if\)
(P)

(— )

THE SraX PAPTRUS.
O C3a,

0 y'ca

(?) Ui

e
e

<^flfl^'^

f]

(9

PWi

lost

<2

The arms " ka."

measuring: line.

Measuriii'r lino.

Bolt.

si.rns, 't.=^, .aii<l >(— aiT inclmlctl in the animal scries preceding. The scribe seems to have aimed at making each list as
lie came to it complete at the expense of the others. In the alphabetic list no stringent order, phonetic or otherwise,
is observed, nor does the arbitrary order here a<lopted influence in any way the arrangement of the other signs.

On paf'e 7 fourteen signs remain. If we take this as the original number on page C, and assume that the
alphabetic lis.t begins at the top of page C, we obtain fourteen on page G, and ten on page 7 = 24 alphabetic signs.
There are twelve certain signs remaining in the hieroglyphic and first hieratic column. These arranged in the usual

phonetic order are as follows : p, a] 0, <=> I |, O, |, <>-=■; Zl, U, S; |. Of the remaining twenty-six

signs that are usually conshlcred alphabetic, or might have stood in the list, namely, ■^, l\l\, \, S, £[ ; J, ^,

the two reptiles «~ and °'-^ have appeared on the preceding page : the birds and animals, five in number,
''fek %> ^ '^ -Sss "i^y perhaps be relegated to the bottom of pages 4 and 5 : "^^ is equivalent to ^v^^j,
on the last page: five others, ^ £[ —*— p an.l c^ or © "i^ij '"^ replaced as in tlie transcription.

Thirteen signs remain, namely, i\i\, J, / , ["[], '"'^j ^j ^^^^> M^' ^^— ^' 1' ^=*' ^=^^' =""^ ^ *"■ ®-

Of these the first may well have been omitted, the third .seems to occur on page 17, the sixth may not have been
considered alphabetic. The last ® is doubtful and unlikely in this position. The total would thus bo twelve certain
+ five proljable + nine = twenty-six, or two more than the estimate. These two may have found a place at the bottom
of pasres 5 and G, making fifteen signs to a page.

With the frasments of page 8 is included one, 1 A 13", witli remains of five hieratic groups. It is evidently
broken from the right hand fragment of a p'.iir. Tlie groups may |«M-haps be transcribed as follows: —

4.

5.

(Jo))

(°-('))
(mo))

(W

(^)il

Cl

Leg(?)

Wooden instrument used in winnowing (?)

Lake, water.

Lotus . . .

Tl,is is rather a tour ,h fo,re, but the fragment is a puzzle. It certainly does not belong to page 8 ; but being
nm.mted with it, it should be placed near it, nor can any place be found for it with the other fragments. Also a page
n.^ar the outside would be more probably ,lamaged and lost than those inside, and t'.is part of the papyrus was near

TIIANSCUIPTIOX OF PAGES 1 to XXI.

VII.
1.

3.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

11

o

o

Q or o

A

.^&-

^

lost.

Water plant.
Stomach.

tlio cmtsiilo (if tllo roll [cj. supra). A riglit liaiiJ fragment would liere contain the name column. On the -whole, it
.seems j)riil)alile that the fragment is the last remainder of a lost pair to be inserted between i-') or 5-(). If we look
upon the fragments on the left of page 4 (i.e., starting from 1 A 2) as consecutive, and take the known measurement
of two inches to a ])age, wo lind that between the first and second pairs three-quarters of an inch lias bceu burnt away ;
between the next two, a quarter of an inch ; between the ne.\t, one-eighth or thereabouts ; while the next jiairs practically
join. If, however, we allow that a pair has been lost between the first and second, the jiroportion in the gaps will be
more nearly equalised, say f, J, ^, i, 0. At least this proves that there is a possibility of inserting a pair between
pages 5 and (j. Also, if we attempt to place it near the beginning of the papyrus, it must be alphabetical, for there is
no indication of any other category into which it might fall iu any of the early pages. And if it is alphabetical, it
must precede page fl, for at page 7 another series begins. But supposing that it precedes page C, and therefore
corresponds partly to fragments 1 A 3 and 1 A G, it forms part of the first of two lost pages of fourteen signs each at
least, of which the right hand one contained alphabetic signs which were continued into page 7. There woidd indeed
be room enough for all the binls ami animals belonging to the alphabetic section, and much more besides. Altogether
the small fragment is a puzzle.

At page 7, No. 11, the scries of parts uf the human body begins.

12

VIII.

1.

c.

(1.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

IX.

1.

3.

sr

(J)

it)

THE SIGN PAPYRUS.

U

^^ I 1 I A^/vW^

/v

Si A II w

' ?

(3 D

J'

^n^

1 ^*

Q .-WWW

I ^

D n -

lost.

lost.

*=^

Eye weeping.
Eye inverted.
The eyebrow.s.
The ear8.

The lips.

The tongue.

Tooth, the teeth (?)

(?)

(?)

(?)

Beard.

Throat.

Breast.

Back-bone.

Ribs.

Lock of hair.

Hair (?)

IX.

8.

11.

12.

13.

X.

1.

3.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

(?)

1

l=U)

&

^

i

A

TR.^SCRIPTION OF PAGES I TO XXI.

lost.

13

ll

^

Z] ^

O

1 U e

I ^

%^(?)

O

© IS)

^

o

e

^ v> -'' (^

lost.

Finger.

Finger qmam (sec i>. 6, col. 1, line 2G).

Tiiumb (?), claw.

Arms grasping, cnil)r.icing.

Chest (?), shoulder (?), neck (?).

llciirt.

Heart (?) . . .

Flesh (?).

Urinare.

Testicles.

Vulva.

Log.

LCL' . . .

' This looks like a false conconl ; hut ]>rubahly is to he read

independent phrase. ^

/'^a' nujtuncij, unless anfhiA, i.« :iii

It

THE SIGN rATYRUS.

XL

1.

(>.

1(1.

XII.

1.

;?.

n.

10.

>oc

s n

o

r^<^

1

\
V
CO

©

P !

11

x=>c

55 e (?)

P^lo

-izu

/=, e (| e 1^'

IjH-^1| .sI^'

...qp...

^^©'^1

O 1 ^T^

D i^OJ

(i)

^^

lost.

Flesli.

Bone.

Fat.

Soles of feet (.sandals).

Do.'.

Pig(?) dog(?).

Eye of Horns (liawk).

Haiincli, forelef;(?), shoulilcr (?).

Leg, 7te>n.

Halter.

1 This looks as if thi might be a root-word = hide or tail.

- M. Naville showed me the connection of these signs, which (i.xes the position of the small fragment.

XII.

n.

12.
13.

XIII.

1.

«.

10.

11.

12.
13.

XIV.
1.

2.

3.

.4.

lost.

^

4^:3

iTJjj^

o

I

o

(}(■<))

(o o oj

TRANSCRIPTION OF PAGErf I TO XXI.

lust.

l"i

<= I

^'5

e I

o J^ o

J"!^

sl)...

l~\\ 1 1

III II

<=> Q W I

Year.

Wing.

Ciocoililc's tootli (?).

Lip (crescent) of the iiiuoii.

Sky.

Sky rising (?).

Sky mining.

Sky ami star.

Disk kru.

Radiancy.

Disk of till! sun.

Moon.

Moon (crescent).

liailiant disk.

Horizon.

Lan.l.

Throe grains of san<l( throe holes, .iV,ii(7/c).

» This word I owe to M. Navillo, who collated the copy to the end of iwe

jKige 11.

ir,
XIV.

THE SIGN rAPYRUS.

Id.

I I.

12.

XV.

.•5.

4.

XVI.
1.

d')

(9)
(G?)

1

m

I

Q.

eit^

1 1 (')

c I

lost.

D

©

(°)-^^;('o

lost.

'1 \ (^)

y^^rio)

nii

lost.

■^

c> I ^

e

(^3)

q.5|jps

Land aA.
Foundation.

Sep (a kind of cake).
Cycle.

Canopy.

Enibalmeil.l

Gods.

House.

Fields, or fielil.

Loaf of bread.

Tie of linen.

' i.e., duly luirled and therefore Jeijled, beini; assimilated to Osiris. This notion is common in the religions texts.

The name of the iiatchet neter means god, but this word was no doubt required for another sign /j^ . Why the above
I'xpression was chosen for tlie name of tlie Iiatchet sign is not easy to understand, since the hatchet .seems to have no
rounection witli luirial; probably the notion of 'liatcliet' was lost in that of 'god,' and perhaps in common parlance a
deceased person was spoken of as the god, or neter, so and so, where in inscriptions we find maalcherii. Granting this, the
commonest apiilication of the word nelcr furnished a name for the sign | ; but I know of nothing to support the view that
lifter v,'^^ generally applied to deceaseil persons. (For tlie exact meaning of neter, .see Mr. Renouf's Hibbert Lectures, 1870.)

- .\n important transcription, which however .scarcely settles the question xs to the reading of tlie sign.

TRANSCRIPTION OF PAGES I TO XXI.

17

XVI.

6.

10.
11.
12.

13.

XVII.

1.

4.

G.

8.

!).

10.

11.

12.

0

"^I

I [1 J^ c^ ^ (?) -

^J I <^ S ^

f>

lost.

c:^ I

2 C3r:i e^

lost.

__ 0^ !M. I \N

ra o

is

e

GO)

<o I *=*

1 l',;r tlio Jetcrminutivo, rf. (] ..^ {> ' I'^q'y"

Hi.lc . .

V;uie.

Libation va.sc.

Bunch of herbs.

Bunch of flowers, rccJs (?)

JIa, i)apyrus.

Thicket of i)ai)yrus, mefi, or ddhii-iA:inl.

Thicket of /-fi-plant

Wood, cut.

Seed (?) of acacia (?).

Seed of date.

Arms dhauti.

Fight.

Place.

Jlilk jug.
Subjugate.

Arm presenting.

> Xtl masculine like Coptic eye.

IS

XVIII.

1.

5.

XIX.

1.

c.

n.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

r^-^^^

r"^"^

^

^^

hieratic

.4.

T

THE SIGN PAPYRUS.

^^•N/1

■■••••• ftAA/%^A

lost.

JCM)

p

lir^-pH-^'))

=j

-r (»)

\

t J -

lost.

Hill country.
Uast (Thebes).

. . . userti, BACAi' vulpcs (Bni.i;seli).

Hoe (?) ; tlie name iivaii would refer to
the fastening together of the wooil.

pai)yriis.

Complete.

Black.

Net, snare.

Porter's knot.

Utensils, an, or writing utens

Knife (at/).

Knife

Adz

East.

West.

' For remainder, see plate.

TRANSCRIPTION OF PAGES I TO XXI.

19

XX.
1.

3.

(J.

0.

10.

11.

12.

13.

XXI.
1.

4:

\

1(0

°^=\

'*=\

( — )

f.

csilfca

(!)

P ' i P = ' ^ I CO

r-^^"^ D

Jp

X

p -J I ^ r : ^ ^- 2
p =j 1 - - : 2

=0= 1 -^

\\ ^

t:

o e

1^k<!r

O (| e riifc. j| p

0 e ^ ^

<--^

i7

i \\ 1 _a«» a I

C/. I (? Y scpptr

Sceptre ams.

Vessels (?) to be full.

Vessels (?), iSd) to be si^ueezed out, enipty.

Flower vase (?).

Great.

Arr&w.

Slienu or Jchenu.

Sein (herb).

Basket of metal worker (?)

Javelin.

. P'loin this jjoiiit muiiy of the groups arc difficult, and there would be little gained by further
transcription. 1 will only add the name of the sledge used in conveying stone from the deep-
cut (quarries -^ = ^cca^ "jackal," xxix, 1. The phonetic equivalent of this sign is i/((.

TI. THE GEOGEAPHICAL PAPYEUS.

By W. II. V. Petiue.

^f

B.

{Paper presented to the Committee, Jidij 28, 1885.)

On my return from Egypt this summer, Mr.
Poole showed me some of the papyri which
I had brought List year from San, and which,

' despite their completely charred state, had been
satisfactorily unrolled by Mr. Hunt, of the
MSS. Department. Among these were two
which Mr. Poole saw to be of particular interest.
One was a hieroglyphic-hieratic sign-book, of
which some three hundred hieroglyphic signs,
with their transcriptions and pronunciations
written in hieratic, still remain. As Mr. Griffith
is now engaged on this, I will leave this on one
side. The other papyrus contained parts of a
calendar of feasts, and two mentions of the
name of Khufu. I at once said that it ought to
be published, so that students could work on it
Avithout the vast risk of its travelling. As no
other copyist was available for such an illegilsle
manuscript, the whole of it being burnt entirely

' black, I set aside other matters, and have pro-
duced a copy of all the fragments, ready for
the lithographer. It is hoped that proofs may
shortly be in the hands of students ; but mean-
while 1 may give a few notes on tlie points
I have observed, the copying, however, having
taken so much time that I cannot attcmjit to
w.ork on the reading.

The original papyrus was about twenty-five
feet long, and probably about six inches high ;
it was rolkd up as usual, and both ends and

one side of the roll were burnt to white ash,
leaving the other side carbonized ; hence we
only have about ^ to f of the whole length, in
a series of separate strips, -8 to 2-2 inches wide,
and each about four inches long, in place of the
whole height of the roll. From these I gather
that the papyrus was a sort of religious Gazetteer
and Calendar, divided into thirteen parts.

Part 1. A Hst of great festivals, &c., beginning
with the new year.

Part 2. A list of the nome capitals in succes-
sive columns, naming the sacred bark, sacred
tree, cemetery, feast-day, forbidden objects,
agathodaimon, land, and lake of each city.
The town-names are altogether burnt away.
The first four remaining are not identical with
any of the Edfu list, though they should, by
their position, be Tentja-a,' Diospolis parva,
Abydos, and Panopolis ; but the rest are the
same as at Edfu (excepting some curious varia-
tions), and we stUl have here Hermopolis,
Hibiu, Cynopolis, . . . .Memphis, Lctopolis,
Apis, . . . Busiris, Athribis, Cynopolis, and
Sebennytus. Towards the end, however, it
appears as if two nomes had been omitted, as
there is not space for all the number. The last
column gives the title of each of the lines,
" name of tree," " name of cemetery," kc.

Part 3. Lists comprising the sacred animals,
and apparently arranged according to them.
"We see the piebald bull. Bain, the black bull,
Ka-^ir, the white bull, Bc-lchat ; the ram,
monkey, jjauthor, pig, jackal, and the birds

22

THIO GEOGIiAI'IIU'AL rAPYllUS.

follow. Lakes, cemeteries, and sacred trees are
also given in connection with some town-
names ; for instance, the tree Asht is given to
Pi-Bast, rectifying an erroneous sign at Edfu.

Part. 4. Apparently mentions various priests
and goddesses.

Part 5. Similar to Part 2, giving trees, ceme-
teries, feasts, forbidden things, agathodaimons,
lands, and lakes, of more than fifty places, of
which eighteen are preserved ; the place-names
are all burnt aAvay, and none of the entries have
I been able to identify with those in the list of
nomcs. This may be a list of towns in some
district or nome. It also ended with a column
naming each class.

Part G. A list of sacred fish, &c., and deities
to which they belong, arranged according to
localities.

Part 7. A list of feast days, of deities, and of
processions of sacred barks ; over a hundred
entries originally.

Part 8. Another list of fifty or sixty feast
days, not of deities.

Part 9. List of about thirty gods, with various
entries to each, arranged alternately east and
west.

Part 10. A long address in horizontal
columns, naming Khufu.

Part 11. A long address in vertical columns,
naming Khufu.

Part 12. A diagram of six hours (?), with
text.

Part 13. A long statement dealing with
fabulous numbers, as hundi-eds of thousands,
and millions.

"We may hope for some interesting results
when this shall have been studied in connection
with other calendars and geographical lists.
It is by the merest chance that this document
is not complete, as many other rolls were which
I discovered ; and it shows ns the great im-
portance of the closest attention to papyri,
even when found under most unfavourable
circumstances. The demotic and hieratic pa-
pyri await examination, and many of them are
perfect.

The Geographical Papyrus lias not been laid
aside during the three and a half years that have
elapsed since Mr. Petrie copied it. On the con-
trary, with his leave I have at various times spent
hours, and even days, in verifying the words that
occur iu it, by means of the Geographical Dic-
tionary, the temple lists, the copy, and the
extremely obscure original. At length, in accord-
ance with the wish expressed in Mr. Petrie's report,
proofs were sent to Professor H. Brugsch, who
returned them covered with annotations, and
accompanied by the following letter : —

Monsieur,

Quoique je n'aie eu que quel([ues heurcs u ma disposi-
tion pour examiner les I'euillcs impriraues que vous avcz
cu la bonte de rcconimander a, mes exaniens, je peus
vous assurev de mil jjIhh /uiute siirjjrise apres avoir jeto
le premier coup (VceU. sur les testes. Les travaux que
j'ai faits pendant prcsque 40 annees ])our reeonstruire
les notions geoyraphiqucs et caleudriques des anciens
Elgyptiens, ont eu leur precedent ! Un lilgyptien vivant
a Topoquc Romaine, peut-etre vers l'(5poque de la compo-
sition du tableau caleiidriciuo sculptc sur les murailles
du teiuiile d'Esneli, se fut amuse a reuuir toutes ces
notions et sur le module d'un tableau syuo])tique pour
faciliter leur connaissance a ses lecteurs. Mais quel
dommaf,'c que le ]iapyrus renfermant son travail a du
soullrir par les deplorables laeuncs qu'il odVe ! Ueu-
rcusement il en est reste assez pour servir il nous guider
sur les idoes de I'ancien compositeur et ccrivain des
divers tableaux. D'apies mes observations, qui ne font
que corroborer vos ])ropres vues, la composition enibrasse
les sujets suivauts que j'ai traitus dans men Thesaurus
(Inscriptt. Astron.) et dans le Dictionnaire Geof^rajiliique,
sans avoir pu pressentir que j'ai eu nion dcvancier. En
voici le resume :

!"■ Tableau. Liste synoptique des 12 mois de I'annee
moderue des Egyptiens, avec les noms des fetes des
mois et avec les (noras des ?) Leures du jour en ordre
consecutif et distribuees, par des motifs que j'ignore,
sur les J 2 mois en question.

1^ Tahleau. Les noms des 12 heures de la nuit.

;i'°" Tableau. Les !J0 jours de la lune avec les noms cor-
respondants des divinitos lunaires de cliaque jour.

■1,""' Tableau. Sujet astrouomique en rapport avec la lune
ou le soleil. Les cbiffres ajoutes au mot pour la

mesure \\ <g^ (selioiuos) indiquent, a ce qu'il parait,

des calculs astronomiques.
5'"' Tableau. Tableaux des nomes de la haute et de la

basse JSgypte, avec les indications et designations des

arbres sacres, des Surapees, des fetes, des choses de-

fendues, des serpents Agathodemous, des territoires et

des terrains inoudes.
Qcmt Tableau. Listes et noms des pretres et pretresses des

sauetuaires situcs dans lesdits nomes.

jemc Tableau. Liste de metaux (p. ex. i=i ba-ni-pe, la

* o o o ■*

fer) et d'autres miuuraux. — Noms des animaux divins

veneres dans un nombre de villes du pays (Apis de

Memphis, Mncvis d'lleliopolis, Bakliis d'Hermonthis,

le bouc de Mendcs, etc.).
Qimi Tableau. Les fetes priueipales fetees dans le courant

de I'annee et rapportees aux jours correspondants du

calendrier moderue.
9*"' Tableau. Liste de I'hiorarchie u la cour royale

d'apros les titres des diguitaires, y compris les m6tiers

occupes i\ la cour.

Le tout se tcrmiue i)ar un tcxtc cxplicatif avec des
notions historiques qui mcritent uue etude parliculiere
sur I'original.

A further contribution from the same hand
having been most kindly promised, the publication
was delayed for a time. Meanwhile the original
was re-examined, proving the correctness of several

24

THE GEOGRAPHICAL PAPYRUS.

emendations in the calendrical lists -which the
ilhistrions Egyptologist had suggested to me. Un-
hapjiily a serious illness intei-vened, but on his
recovery Professor Brugsch was good enough to
send me the following valuable and interesting
observations.

Plus j'ai etudio les tristes frajjments dii precieux
papyrus de Tanis, plus j'ai trouve roceasion de me con-
vaincre que sa valeur principale consiste dans les notions
calendriques qu'il renferme. II confirme ce que j'ai
pvetcndu depuis de longues a'nnees dans mes recherches
calendriques, en d'autres termes I'existence de deux
annees, du moins pour la derniere epoque de I'histoire
egyptienne, dont I'une n'est pas different de I'annee
religieuse, appelee ordinairement sothiaque, tandis que
I'autre, I'annee civile, est identique a celle qu'on a
I'habitude de nommer I'alexandrine. La premiere
commengant a la rentree de chaque periode sothiaque
par la date du l"^ Thoth, correspondant au ^^/2o juillet
du calendrier julien, la seconde par la meme date du
l^"- Thotli, mais cette fois correspondant au 29/30 aoiit
julien, il en resulte neeessairement le nombre de40 jours
qui separe les dates identiqucs dans les deux calendriers,
le religicux et le civile. Les preuves evidentes nous
sont fournies par la trouvaille du papyrus de Tanis.

En etudiant attentivement la serie des fetes, accom-
pagnees de leurs dates, sur les fragments du Part 7
(planclie IV.), on fera la curieuse observation que les
ietes du mois, au commencement des douze mois de
I'annee egyptienne, ne se trpuvent pas a leurs places
qu'elles occupent dans les calendriers antiques. C'est

ainsi que la fete nommee

fete d'Hatlior,"

— nom sous lequel se cache le nom gree Atliyr pour le
gpme mois de I'annee egyptienne, — est notee sous la
date du l^"- .Cboiak, c'est-ii-dire au mois suivant celui
d'Atbyr. En procedant on remarquera egalement que la
fete du mois de Choiak, nommee t_]"§''j_] V4V Kihak, se
trouve inserite sous la date du 1" Tybi. Un troisicme
cxomple, c'est le dernier conserve sur les fragments du
papyrus, se prescnte au-dessous de la date du mois
Mechir ; c'est le groupe encore assez reconnaissable

g^ ^ % qui, a Tepoque ptolema'ique, par exemple, (voir

mon " Thesaurus" a la page4T2), sert a designer la fete
du mois de Tybi, mais non pas celle du Mechir, qui porte

le nom de '^^li.r-Tr-, rokh-ner. Comme on le voit,
les fetes des mois ne correspondent plus aux mois aux-
quels elles appai'tiennent, mais elles les avancent d'un
mois entier.

Ce fait, dont on ne pourra pas s'en douter, est corro-
bore par les fragments du Part 1 (a la planche I.), qui
ont conserve les derniers restes de la notation des 12

mois de I'an sous la forme connue a I'epoque greco-
roraaine (voir le " The?:iurHS," p. 472 suiv.). Mis en
rapport aveo les 13 heurcs du jour, le premier mois
(Thoth) y porte le nom de © [V2v], le seconde celui de

Api (d'ou I'appelation de ce mois V\\a.-opJii), le

3ime gst; indique par le groupe S^*^^ ; c'est le mois de la

deesse Hathor representee par le scribe du papyrus par
I'iraage d'une vache couchee. Malheureusement les
noms des mois suivants ont dlsparu par suite de la
iachfiuse mutilation du papyrus, a la seule exception
du dernier (Mesori), qui est appele tres-clairement :
\J/ V^V " m.ois du commencement de I'an," avee la
curieuse remarque qui I'accompagne: ^r= "descend

le soleil " ou peut-etrc " le jour." Le sens de cette
k'gonde est faeilcment a eomprendre; il s'agit de la
deseente du soleil vers I'hemisphere inferieure dans la
seconde moitie de I'an. -En parlant de la deesse Venus
qui deplore Adonis, Macrobe (Saturnall. I., c. xxi.)
s'exprimc ainsi la-dessus : " quod Sol annuo gressu per
duodeeim signorum ordinem pergens, partem quoque
heviispJi(erii inferwris imgredHiir, quia de duodeeim sig-
nis Zodiaci sex superiora, sex inferiora censentur : et
cum est in inferiorihiis et idco dies breviores facit,
lugere creditur Dea, etc.

D'apres le calendrier alexandrin le mois Mesori em-
brasse les 30 jours a partir du 25 juillet jusqu'au 23
aovit Jul., ou, les 5 jours epagomenes y compris, jus-
qu'au 28 aoiit. D'apres le calendrier d'Esneb, de I'epoque
roraaine, deux jours avant le commencement du mois
Mesori, ou le 29 Epiphi, la fete nommee V^V \ \ ^
"celle de Sa Majeste" (deesse) etait celebree en Fhon-
neur du lever de la constellation d'Isis-Sothis, lequel
anciennement etait censee ouvrir la nouvelle annee. Le
29 Epiphi en question repond au 23 juillet jul., c'est-
a-dire a la date que les Alexandrins notaient comme
jour du lever de I'etoile Sotbis a leur epoque. C'est
confirme par les temoignages do Theon et de Ptolemee
(voir linger, Chronol. de Manethon, pag. 51). On se
convainc done que le mois de Mesori portait de tout
droit le nom de \j/ V5V ''mois de I'ouverture, ou du
commencement de I'an." II rempla9ait le mois antique
de Thoth et il fut cause que, de cette fa^-on, toutes les
fetes de mois.avan^aient d'un mois entier les mois de
I'ancien calendrier religieux. II en resulte neeessaire-
ment que les dates du papyrus de Tanis sont indiquees
d'apres I'annee alexandrine et que le papyrus doit avoir
ete compose a une epoque ou le calendrier alexandrin
etait d'usage.

Avant de terminer cette petite remarque au sujet des
notationscalendriquesquiserencontrent sur les fragments
dudit papyrus, je voudrais encore fixer I'attention sur le
texte, mutile du reste comme tout ce qui precede, qui

THE GEOGRAPHICAL PAPYRUS.

est public sur Ics clLTiiiercs ]ilanclu's ilu la i)ul)lieation.
Ce teste dubute par une Ibrinule bieu coniuie par d'autres
specimens d\ui ag'e de beaucoup anterieur a, la redaction
du papyrus. Le compositeur s'adresse a, tous ceux qui
vivent et qui vivront sur la tcrre, uotamment au.x classes
savantes des pretres, jjour leur recommander le souvenir
eternel de son noni et de ses oeuvres. Parmi Ics der-
nieres, a ce qu'il parait, la composition du papyrus en
(juestion occupa le premier rang-. Ayant visitu un tom-
beau appartenant ii un di{,mitaire de la eour et de
I'epoque du roi C/w!//on-Ch6ops, il eut la chance d'y
dccouvrir des textes et des objets sacrus do la plus haute
valeur. II cite, par exemple, uue coudue de Thot qu'il
avait trouvee sur le sol de la tombe. 15rcf, il ne tarda

pasasauver ees niysteres inconnues au monde vivant, en
dressant en forme de tableaux les matieres saerees de
I'ancienne sagesse sur le papyrus. 11 termine son tra-
vail par I'expression de son desir qu'en revanche de ses
actions, son nom Ic survive. Malheureusement il n'en
est restu ijue quelques signcs u la fin du papyrus.

I liave to-day revised portions of the last two
plates. Mr. Pctrie's division of the pai)yrus into
parts has been preserved, but I have added a
running number for the fragments.

F. L. G., '30th Jan., 1889.

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EGYPT EXPLORATION FUND

PUBLICATIONS.

[. T//C Storc-City of Pithoni and the Route of the Exodus.
By Edouard Navii.lf.. With Thirteen, Plates, Two Maps, and a. New
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and Plans.

EXTRA MEMOIR. , ■-,

Tzvo Hieroglyphic Papyri from Tanis. Translated by"F. Ll.
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iSrcsftciit.
Sir JOHN FOWLER, K.C.M.G.

?(3oii. ©ictrPrcfiiKcnt for !Hmcrif/i.

Hon. J. RUSSELL LOWELL, D.C.L., LL.l).

1^ift^}3rt5iBtnt nnO ?boii. (ZEvtasurtr for amtiicn.

Rev. W. C. WINSLOW, Ph.D.. D.C.L. I.L.D,, &c.. Boston, Mass.

"t.

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